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home about/contact Digital Audio Insider is David Harrell's blog about the economics of music and other digital content. I write from the perspective of a musican who has self-released four albums with the indie rock band the Layaways. My personal website has links to my LinkedIn and Google+ pages and you can send e-mail to david [at] thelayaways [dot] com. Support If you enjoy this site, please consider downloading a Layaways track or album from iTunes, Amazon MP3, Bandcamp, or eMusic. CDs are available from CD Baby and Amazon. links music/media/tech: Analog Industries Ars Technica AppleInsider Brad Sucks Blog Broken Record Digital Music News Duke Listens Future of Music Coalition Blog Hypebot LA Times Technology Blog The ListeNerd Medialoper Mediashift MP3 Insider Music Ally Music Machinery Music Think Tank MusicTank The Music Void New Music Strategies Online Fandom Pakman's Blog RAIN Rough Type RoughlyDrafted Swindleeeee TuneTuzer Virtual Economics economics/markets: The Big Picture Core Economics Freakonomics The Long Tail Marginal Revolution The Undercover Economist mp3/music: 17 Dots 3hive Fingertips Shake Your Fist Sounds Like the 80s Unleash the Love archives January 2006 February 2006 March 2006 April 2006 May 2006 June 2006 July 2006 August 2006 September 2006 October 2006 November 2006 December 2006 January 2007 February 2007 March 2007 April 2007 May 2007 June 2007 July 2007 August 2007 September 2007 October 2007 November 2007 December 2007 January 2008 February 2008 March 2008 April 2008 May 2008 June 2008 July 2008 August 2008 September 2008 October 2008 November 2008 December 2008 January 2009 February 2009 March 2009 April 2009 May 2009 June 2009 July 2009 August 2009 September 2009 October 2009 November 2009 December 2009 January 2010 February 2010 March 2010 April 2010 May 2010 June 2010 July 2010 September 2010 October 2010 November 2010 December 2010 January 2011 February 2011 March 2011 April 2011 May 2011 June 2011 July 2011 August 2011 September 2011 October 2011 November 2011 December 2011 January 2012 February 2012 April 2012 May 2012 June 2012 August 2012 October 2012 November 2012 December 2012 January 2013 February 2013 March 2013 June 2013 August 2013 February 2014 March 2014 September 2014 December 2014 March 2015 October 2015 November 2015 December 2015 October 2016 May 2017 |
October 23, 2007 The Economics of Freeby David Harrell This is somewhat off-topic, but Nick Carr at Rough Type has a great post about the recent move by the NY Times to allow free access to its columnists and most of its archive. While the decision makes economic sense today, Carr refers to some studies that show the previous strategy of premium online content was a better strategy at the time: If the print and online editions were complements -- the demand for which rise or fall in tandem -- then a newspaper's online pricing strategy would be pretty much a no-brainer: it would give away the online edition in order to expand print readership and harvest an added source of ad revenues. But the fact that the two products are substitutes complicates the strategy. If you rush to set the price of the web edition at zero too early, before online ad sales reach a certain level, you may sacrifice revenues from print sales and ads without making them up through online ad sales.I'm not sure how analogous this is to music, as newspaper content is rather ephemeral and it's possible to control it to some extent. That is, you don't have people sharing it on peer-to-peer networks. Still, I think there's a relevant point here for music --- that free makes sense when there's some other working compensation system in place. I suppose that ad-supported music is one possibility, though I personally don't see the appeal of that model... tags: digital music free content link 1 comments e-mail listen to the Layaways on Spotify Follow @digitalaudio Tweet October 19, 2007 Snocappedby David Harrell CD Baby president Derek Sivers has posted his full account of why the company split ties with Snocap: Every company meeting revolved around Snocap. Every employee had to be trained in the endless FAQ about Snocap. For the last 8 months, the CD Baby office has felt like a Snocap office. All we were doing, all day long, was dealing with Snocap issues.Read more here. related: A Split from CD Baby for Snocap, More CD Baby and Snocap tags: digital music CD Baby Snocap link 0 comments e-mail listen to the Layaways on Spotify Follow @digitalaudio Tweet Amazon.com vs. iTunes by David Harrell When doing some research for the fourth installment of my long-neglected Digital Pricing Conundrum series, I did a little comparison of the top sellers in Apple's iTunes store and Amazon.com's new mp3 store. A few quick tidbits: Despite differing catalogs (no Warner Music Group and Sony BMG titles yet for Amazon), four of the top five best-selling songs were identical. But the similarities diminish when you look at the top 25 songs -- only nine in common for the two stores. The top 25 songs at Apple are more current -- it looks like almost every song is from 2007. Over Amazon, you'll see more older material in the top 25: "American Pie" by Don McClean, "Bitter Sweet Symphony" by the Verve, "What A Wonderful World" by Louie Armstrong, two George Harrison tracks, and the seasonal "Monster Mash" by Bobby "Boris" Pickett. There's a similar pattern for the album charts, with only two pre-2007 releases in the top 25 at iTunes -- George Harrison's "All Things Must Pass" at #14 and a Santana collection at #20. But at Amazon you'll see Pink Floyd's "The Wall" in the number five spot, Radiohead's "OK Computer" (unavailable in iTunes) at #7, and two more catalog albums in the top 25. And in the 26 - 100 spots, you'll see much more older material at Amazon.com. Amazon.com also provides a chart of its best-selling mp3 artists, with Pink Floyd currently holding down the top spot and plenty of other acts with no recent releases in the top 50, including the Beach Boys at #9! So is the average Amazon.com mp3 customer older than the typical iTunes customer? Probably, but the limited catalog at Amazon.com might account as much, or more, for the relatively high chart positions for older material at Amazon. That is, if new material from Warner Music Group and Sony BMG was available as mp3s from Amazon.com, it could squeeze some of those older releases out of the top 25. tags: digital music mp3 iTunes Apple AAPL Amazon.com AMZN link 2 comments e-mail listen to the Layaways on Spotify Follow @digitalaudio Tweet October 16, 2007 Tuesday Odds and Endsby David Harrell From the New Yorker -- how the Internet is helping to revitalize classical music: Classical music, with its thousand-year back catalogue, has the longest tail of all. In Naxos's case, thirty to forty per cent of its digital sales in the U.S. come from albums downloaded four times a month or less. Thus, a not insignificant portion of the company's revenue comes from titles that, by Justin Timberlake standards, don’t exist.Online Fandom has a nice collection of quotes from Swedish indie record label folks on the merits of giving music away. And Pitchfork has some fun with its rating for this new album. tags: digital music the Long Tail link 0 comments e-mail listen to the Layaways on Spotify Follow @digitalaudio Tweet October 15, 2007 Final Thoughts on Radioheadby David Harrell Maybe "backlash" is too strong of a word, but the band's noble experiment is looking a little less noble after some of the comments made by Radiohead and its management about bitrates and CD sales. (See the Financial Times and this Bit Player post). While it's true that 160k exceeds the standard iTunes quality, it seems that some fans were treating the download as a substitute for the purchase of a CD and paid CD prices (or even a little extra). If the 160k decision was made to preserve CD sales, which seems likely, then the failure to disclose the bitrate before thousands of people paid for it (with some paying more for it than the 256k versions of the band's previous albums at Amazon) was a tad disingenuous. Anyway, there is an extremely easy solution to all of this. Steve Jobs somewhat mollified early iPhone purchasers by offering an Apple store credit to those who had purchased before the price drop. Radiohead could do a world of good for its reputation by uploading some 320K mp3 files and offering purchasers of the download version of "In Rainbows" a free upgrade. Granted, for most listeners (especially those using cheap computer speakers or listening solely on portable devices) the additional sound quality really won't matter. But it's the perception that matters here more than anything... related: Radiohead Says 160k Is Good Enough, Pre-Ordering Radiohead, Economists, Radiohead, and Bob Mould tags: digital music Radiohead mp3 iTunes link 0 comments e-mail listen to the Layaways on Spotify Follow @digitalaudio Tweet October 10, 2007 Radiohead Says 160k Is Good Enoughby David Harrell Rolling Stone has a brief interview with Radiohead guitarist Jonny Greenwood and asks him the bitrate question: Why the variable pricing?tags: digital music Radiohead In Rainbows variable pricing iTunes link 3 comments e-mail listen to the Layaways on Spotify Follow @digitalaudio Tweet October 09, 2007 Pre-Ordering Radioheadby David Harrell So I bought (pre-ordered, that is) the download version of the new Radiohead album on Friday. I opted for the "eMusic price," which based on my 40 downloads for $9.99 subscription rate, translates into $2.50 for a 10-track album. With the .45 pound service fee, I ended up paying $3.42 for the album. The process was easy -- they either ironed out the server load issues or maybe the traffic had died down considerably by Friday -- and I had a confirmation e-mail in less than a minute after the transaction. While one friend thought I was rather cheap with my self-selected price, given today's news that the album will be released as 160k mp3 files, I'm glad I didn't pay more. Given that Amazon is sellng all of Radiohead's back catalog as 256k files and 7digital offer 320k versions, 160k seems a little, uh, stingy. And then there's the Billboard report that album will be released as a retail CD as well, likely on ATO. I certainly don't blame Radiohead for wanting to do a standard CD release for the album. Despite the large number of people signing up for the direct download (or even the pricey box set), skipping retail stores would've been leaving money on the table. Nor was there was any assertion that direct purchase would be the only way to buy the new record. But I can't help thinking that some fans are going to view the 160k files for the download version and the retail CD (which will likely show up for $10 or less in Best Buy, etc.) as a bit of a bait-and-switch. And I have to agree with this comment to the Idolator story: It's pretty much the perfect bitrate from their perspective: high enough that it won't be really crappy, but low enough that the music nerds will definitely shell out for the CD when it comes.Oh, and if Radiohead does sign with ATO, there's a possibility that the album will end up on eMusic. tags: digital music Radiohead ATO eMusic link 0 comments e-mail listen to the Layaways on Spotify Follow @digitalaudio Tweet October 04, 2007 Economists, Radiohead, and Bob Mouldby David Harrell Lots of folks have lots to say about the forthcoming "name your own price" digital album download from Radiohead. I was especially interested in seeing the reaction from some of the economics blogs I read: Marginal Revolution - Pay what you want for the new Radiohead album Greg Mankiw's Blog - No, really, it's up to you Freakonomics - How Much Do You Think Paul Feldman Will Pay for the New Radiohead Album? Asymmetrical Information - Radiohead goes free While the economists (and other commentators) are mostly referring to the Radiohead experiment as "working for tips," I don't quite agree with the analogy. The tipping description would be more appropriate if Radiohead simply posted all of the mp3 files on its website, with an adjacent "donate" button for soliciting contributions from downloaders. They haven't done this -- you have to order the album and pay SOMETHING, even if just the modest service charge for processing the credit card. While this distinction might seem slight, I'd argue that it is an extremely important one. The online ordering process requires you to open your wallet, and -- while you're still free to make a minimal payment -- it seems like this is THE crucial step. A donation approach requires the downloader to actively make an additional decision, perhaps at a later date, to enter a credit card number, etc. On the other hand, if you insist on the tipping description, it's really not that much of a stretch to say that ALL music is purchased that way today. That is, given that free alternatives are readily available (P2P networks, ripping CDs from friends, swamping hard drives, etc.), any decision by a music fan to purchase music in any format, downloads or physical discs, represents a conscious decision to "tip" the musician and record label. (The Economist blog makes this point as well, referring to the current system an "honour system.") Though there's much less price flexibility with a standard purchase than there is with the Radiohead model. While musician Bob Mould won't be heading down the Radiohead path for his next album (he's signed to Anti- and Beggers Banquet), he conducted an online survey on the topic, asking readers what they'd prefer to pay for direct downloads from the artist. I was a little surprised by the price points that Mould used for his survey -- $1 or $2 for an individual song, $10 or $20 for a full album, as well as larger amounts for subscription model to receive all of an artist's work. In a follow-up post showing the poll results, he talks about the idea of some music fans being willing to pay more for a record because they know all the money is going to the artist (only a small percentage of responders indicated a willingness to do so). Yet if you're paying the artist directly, the standard download rates ($1 a song or $10 an album) is actually putting substantially more revenue into the hands of the artist as there's no record company keeping the bulk of the money. (And my personal contention is that a digital album -- because of the lack of artwork, the loss of resale value, and lower sound quality -- is worth substantially less than a physical CD. The eMusic album price of $2.50 to $3 seems just about right to me, especially if the majority of that amount goes directly to the artist. Though maybe I'm just exceptionally cheap!) However, Mould's idea of higher music prices in certain cases makes more sense in the context of something that economist Tyler Cowen wrote in Good and Plenty and posted last week on Marginal Revolution. It was an observation that I don't think I've seen before about downloading and music sales: In the past most people didn't much like or listen to most of the music they bought, or in any case most of the value came from their very favorites. A relatively small percentage of our music purchases accounted for most of our listening pleasure. So if people can sample music in advance, and know in advance what they will like, music sales will plummet. This will be a sign of market efficiency, not market failure.Perhaps Cowen is right and people on average are just buying less music, as a smaller dollar amount now suffices for purchasing a sufficient amount of music they like. Yet if his "sampling" theory is correct, there are a couple of other possible results: 1. Music fans use the money they've saved by not making purchasing mistakes to buy a greater quantity/variety of music they actually like.Based on plummeting CD sales, if the two alternative scenarios are taking place, it's only among a minority of music buyers. Still, based on some of the amounts I've seen in blog comments over the past few days about the new Radiohead album, at least a few fans are readily paying up for the album (as are some of Jane Siberry's fans). And maybe that's not illogical. After all, the music you really love, your personal collection of desert island discs, is a relative bargain at the standard prices. There are certainly albums and artists that I value far above the purchase price of the recorded music. Whether a substantial number of fans are willing -- in practice, not theory -- to pay a premium price for an individual song or album is the unanswered question. It seems like the biggest fans are already "paying more" to artists via the purchase of tickets to live shows, merchandise, and a willingness to re-purchase music again and again in re-mastered and enhanced formats. Is also asking for (or expecting) a premium price from these buyers going too far? (BTW, just to be clear, I don't mean to suggest that Bob Mould expects a premium price from his audience.) Anyway, in his Freakonomics post, Steven Levitt put out the call for someone to get him in contact with Radiohead to possibly analyze the actual sales data. I hope someone does -- it'd be fascinating to see his take on the real numbers. tags: digital music Radiohead economists Bob Mould link 5 comments e-mail listen to the Layaways on Spotify Follow @digitalaudio Tweet October 02, 2007 More CD Baby and Snocapby David Harrell The CD Baby artists posting to this CD Baby forum message about the end of the Snocap partnership haven't sold much (if any) music via Snocap. And CD Baby president Derek Sivers chimed in with this: I'll give a public and detailed account soon. For now, just know that the ending of the relationship between CD Baby and Snocap was our idea, and done for your benefit (as well as our sanity).As of the end of July, the total amount of digital CD Baby sales via Snocap was just $12,145. related: A Split from CD Baby for Snocap, $20 Million+ in Digital Sales for CD Baby Catalog tags: digital music CD Baby Snocap link 0 comments e-mail listen to the Layaways on Spotify Follow @digitalaudio Tweet More Digital Audio Insider: Newer Posts Older Posts |
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