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![]() home about/contact Digital Audio Insider is David Harrell's blog about the economics of music and other digital content. I write from the perspective of a musican who has self-released four albums with the indie rock band the Layaways. My personal website has links to my LinkedIn and Google+ pages and you can send e-mail to david [at] thelayaways [dot] com. Support If you enjoy this site, please consider downloading a Layaways track or album from iTunes, Amazon MP3, Bandcamp, or eMusic. CDs are available from CD Baby and Amazon. links music/media/tech: Analog Industries Ars Technica AppleInsider Brad Sucks Blog Broken Record Digital Music News Duke Listens Future of Music Coalition Blog Hypebot LA Times Technology Blog The ListeNerd Medialoper Mediashift MP3 Insider Music Ally Music Machinery Music Think Tank MusicTank The Music Void New Music Strategies Online Fandom Pakman's Blog RAIN Rough Type RoughlyDrafted Swindleeeee TuneTuzer Virtual Economics economics/markets: The Big Picture Core Economics Freakonomics The Long Tail Marginal Revolution The Undercover Economist mp3/music: 17 Dots 3hive Fingertips Shake Your Fist Sounds Like the 80s Unleash the Love archives January 2006 February 2006 March 2006 April 2006 May 2006 June 2006 July 2006 August 2006 September 2006 October 2006 November 2006 December 2006 January 2007 February 2007 March 2007 April 2007 May 2007 June 2007 July 2007 August 2007 September 2007 October 2007 November 2007 December 2007 January 2008 February 2008 March 2008 April 2008 May 2008 June 2008 July 2008 August 2008 September 2008 October 2008 November 2008 December 2008 January 2009 February 2009 March 2009 April 2009 May 2009 June 2009 July 2009 August 2009 September 2009 October 2009 November 2009 December 2009 January 2010 February 2010 March 2010 April 2010 May 2010 June 2010 July 2010 September 2010 October 2010 November 2010 December 2010 January 2011 February 2011 March 2011 April 2011 May 2011 June 2011 July 2011 August 2011 September 2011 October 2011 November 2011 December 2011 January 2012 February 2012 April 2012 May 2012 June 2012 August 2012 October 2012 November 2012 December 2012 January 2013 February 2013 March 2013 June 2013 August 2013 February 2014 March 2014 September 2014 December 2014 March 2015 October 2015 November 2015 December 2015 October 2016 May 2017 May 2025 |
April 17, 2006 Indie Download Sales Breakdownby David Harrell Breakdown of Indie Download Sales by Online Stores CD Baby handles the digital distribution for my band's self-released music. One thing I really like about the company is how extraordinarily open it is with the numbers. Back in February, CD Baby head honcho Derek Sivers posted a complete breakdown of how much CD Baby has received in total (as of February 8, 2006) from the various download stores and streaming services for the indie artists it distributes. CD Baby takes a 9% cut of these revenues and then pays the remaining 91% to the artists and labels. I added a percentage column to create the following table: Total Download Sales via CD Baby
Unsurprisingly, iTunes topped the list. I was, however, somewhat amazed at just how thoroughly iTunes dominated -- if you add up the numbers for all of the iTunes regions, they represent more than 82% of the download/stream sales for CD Baby's distribution catalog. No other store even hits double digits. The biggest surprise for me was the relatively paltry sales via eMusic. In previous posts, I've speculated about why indie musicians should do well at eMusic. My two-fold argument is that eMusic subscribers are (by default) supporters of non-major label acts and that the "use it or lose it" subscription model encourages subscribers to use their expiring downloads each month to take chances on unknown acts. I think that logic still holds (and I expect to see the eMusic market share increase) but clearly the iTunes audience still dwarfs the audiences/subscribers to the other download stores. I'll post a follow-up later in the week with a store-by-store breakdown of our own sales. (Off the top of my head, I think eMusic fares a little better, at least for our stuff.) tags: iTunes eMusic link 3 comments e-mail listen to the Layaways on Spotify Follow @digitalaudio Tweet April 12, 2006 Flaming Lipsby David Harrell Flaming Reviews of the Flaming Lips The new disc by the Flaming Lips, "At War With the Mystics," is a 12-track album available in two versions at iTunes. You can buy the standard album for $9.99 or a $12.99 version that includes three bonus tracks that aren't on the CD version of the record. But the distinction isn't clearly marked and many customers are overlooking it and then venting their frustrations about the "premium" pricing. Here are a few of the choicer comments: steve jobs and co. have fought to keep the prices low. warner bros are to blame for this crazy price. ANYWAY, why would you pay FULL PRICE for a 128 kbps ACC that has limited copy restraints? buy the CD, get the art, get the full quality music, get no copy restraints...it's a no brainer. sorry iTunes Music Store, this doesn't appeal anymore...Reading these comments about a perceived iTunes price increase, my first thought was that any actual across-the-board price increases for full-album downloads will result in a large-scale consumer revolt. Then again, maybe not. Convenience is no doubt a major factor in many digital download purchases. And you don't have to go above $9.99 to be paying a "premium" price for the download version of an album. Many albums in iTunes can be purchased new on CD for less than $9.99 and -- if you're willing to track down and buy a used copy -- almost all of them can be found for much less. As a great post at Betty Rocker's Music Pantry titled "The Stuff We Can't Give Away" notes, many CDs are worse than cars at holding their value: Mr. Rocker and I are doing a little CD Spring Cleaning in the Music Pantry and I thought we'd sell all the stuff we don't want (or have doubles on) at Half.com. The stuff we're selling still has the plastic wrap on it and I'm hoping to get some good dough from the sales.Given the availability of cheap used CDs, most download consumers are already paying a premium price to avoid the hassles associated with buying the CD and ripping it to mp3. Are they willing to pay an even larger premium? Maybe some of them are, but I think the "price of the physical CD" barrier (that is, the price of a NEW CD) will be a tough one to break through. tags: iTunes used CDs link 1 comments e-mail listen to the Layaways on Spotify Follow @digitalaudio Tweet April 07, 2006 Interview with Shake Your Fistby David Harrell Interview with Amy from Shake Your Fist I'll start with a quick disclosure: I've known Amy for nearly a decade now and she also included my own band in a blog post last year. That said, I think Shake Your Fist is definitely one of the best music blogs out there. The writing is consistently good, insightful, and relevant. And -- unlike many music/mp3 blogs -- SYF isn't about hopping on the latest bandwagon. So I thought Amy would be a great subject for the first Digital Audio Insider interview and she kindly agreed to a series of e-mail questions. You've always been an evangelist for good music. (I still have a great mix tape you made for me years ago.) What prompted you to start the music blog? Shake Your Fist didn't start as a music blog, actually. A small group of us intended to talk about books, film, music, television, technology, politics, etc. I was primarily interested in writing about music and had the time and obsessive tendencies to do most of the posting. So SYF pretty much evolved into an mp3 blog in its first few weeks. I suppose it's an extension of what I've always done -- recommending music I love to friends. Now I'm recommending music to strangers, too. Besides providing me with a soapbox, it gives me a chance to write on something I'm passionate about. I've done a lot of professional writing, but not really about subjects that interest me personally. Has your music listening experience changed over the past decade (due to the iPod, mp3s, and individual song downloads)? That is, single songs vs. full albums, headphones vs. stereo speakers, etc? I've always been more of a song than album person -- there are very few albums I can listen to all the way through without reaching for the skip button. So, from my perspective, mp3s and mp3 players are a very happy development. You mentioned a mix tape I once made you. I think anyone who has ever known me reasonably well has one or two or ten of these things lying around. I've long been interested in sequencing, or controlling my listening experience. ITunes and similar software make it easy. Too easy, probably. What digital music has altered more than anything is my consumption patterns. I download music off blogs, record label sites and iTunes almost every day and often feel like I'm drowning in new sounds. Used to be I'd buy a CD (and going back, a tape or record) and listen to just that album for weeks on end. I still buy a lot of CDs, though. I'm very attached to the object-ness of music, like to have something in my hand while I listen. continue reading "Interview with Shake Your Fist..." So it's safe to assume that CDs still represent the majority of your music purchases, from a total $ standpoint? Oh yeah, definitely. I spend a lot of money on CDs. As an mp3 blogger, I get some sent to me, obviously. But I'm sometimes a little queasy about writing on them. I'm afraid I'm being unduly influenced or something. So I prefer to pursue my own "leads" and buy my own music. And your iTunes purchases -- single tracks or full albums? I mostly use iTunes to download single tracks and EPs. If I know I want a full album, I'll buy the CD, because I want the art and liner notes. That's worth the extra couple of bucks. How are you discovering new artists and how does that contrast to the days before music/mp3 blogs? I used to learn about new music from friends, music magazines and going to shows and falling in love with opening bands. Not surprisingly, I now find most new music online. I read the major Web music publications -- Pitchfork, Stylus, Pop Matters --pretty much every day and check in with a bunch of smaller zines on a weekly basis. I visit dozens of other mp3 blogs, cruise record label and artist sites and (reluctantly) MySpace. That said, I love magazines and still read print pubs like Magnet and The Big Takeover. And I still get really good tips from friends and, increasingly, SYF readers. So what's your total music consumption -- that is, listening hours per day or week? Writing a music blog means spending enormous amounts of time listening to music -- 6 to 8 hours of day (and that's a minimum). Fortunately, my iPod makes that pretty easy. I create new playlists a couple nights a week, then listen to them on my commute or at work when I'm not doing something that requires a lot of concentration. A year ago, pre-blog, I was listening to new music, but without the same kind of urgency or pressure, and certainly fewer hours each day. Wow -- I'm amazed at your listening habits. Are most of those listening hours spent exploring new (or new to you) bands or is a sizable portion still devoted to long-time favorites? Does that sound like a lot? Keep in mind I do a good portion of that at work and during my commute... I wish I had more time to spend with old favorites, but these days it's a lot of new stuff. SYF is my second job, and a big part of that job is looking for interesting new music. Not that I don't write about music I have a history with -- I do a lot. But I also don't think music stopped being interesting in 1990 or 2000 or at some other arbitrary point. Here's a three-part question: On your site, you have a disclaimer that says you'll remove links upon request -- has a band or label ever actually asked you to do that? On the flip side, do you get many requests from labels or publicists asking you to feature acts? And, do you have any advice or thoughts for bands seeking coverage in a blog? No one's ever asked us to remove anything. If requested, we would take a file down in a heartbeat -- we definitely don't want legal trouble! We try to be responsible about what we post, which means we don't post leaked tracks, full albums or more than two tracks from any album that's readily available for purchase. Our goal is to turn people on to the music we're featuring and that means giving them incentives (sample tracks) to buy the records or tickets to the shows. We get a steady stream of requests to cover music. I administer the blog's mailbox and receive the mailed CDs but don't write about much of the music sent our way. This is for a couple reasons: 1) A lot of it's not very good and/or not the kind of thing I (or my blogmates) like, 2) I'm not interested in talking about something 50 other bloggers are also hyping because they received the same e-mail/CD and 3) It eliminates the "thrill of the hunt" -- one of the things that keeps me interested in writing this blog. I'm sure I'm not the only blogger who dislikes getting mass e-mails from bands that obviously pulled your name off a list. If you want to get a blog's attention, send a personalized e-mail to the blogs you actually read and whose taste you know. Provide links to at least two mp3s (not streams!) and to a Web site or MySpace page that contains biographical and other pertinent info such as discography and record label name, if any. Those are the e-mails that are most likely to work with me, anyway. Last question -- any thoughts on music blogs vs. college radio these days? I'll say this carefully, as I don't want to offend any college music directors who might potentially play our band, but it seems like an mp3 post on a well-read blog probably gets a band more exposure these days than a few spins on any single college radio station. (Aside from the really big ones like KEXP, etc.) Agree, disagree...? I don't know a whole lot about college radio...I pick up WNUR sometimes when I'm in my car and used to listen to WHPK regularly when I lived in Hyde Park. I'm not sure they're competing mediums -- probably complementary more than anything. Listening to the radio is easier and more passive than reading and downloading and hearing some great song on the radio that you might never have bothered to download can be a powerful and persuasive experience. This may seem like an odd and unpopular stance for an mp3 blogger to take, but I think the influence of mp3 blogs -- even the really popular ones -- is probably overstated. Thanks Amy! tags: mp3 iTunes link 1 comments e-mail listen to the Layaways on Spotify Follow @digitalaudio Tweet April 03, 2006 Pitchfork Interviewby David Harrell Pitchfork Interview with Steve Gordon There's a great interview at Pitchfork with Steve Gordon of Digital Music News about the RIAA lawsuits, digital distribution issues, "free" music, and label economics: Pitchfork: Are the artists making money from iTunes and other sources of digital revenue?The full interview is here. tags: P2P iTunes RIAA link 0 comments e-mail listen to the Layaways on Spotify Follow @digitalaudio Tweet March 30, 2006 Adding It Up: Royalties for Song Streamsby David Harrell Adding It Up: Royalties for Song Streams A reader comment to this post on the Yahoo Music Blog asked "to what extent are we supporting the labels/artists when we listen to music via subscription services? For example, if I listen to an album 200 times ... is the label/artist getting more or less money from me than if I bought the physical CD in the stores?" If someone actually streamed an entire disc 200 times, the answer is a big "YES." Here are the current the payout rates that my own band receives for digital streams (via distribution by CD Baby) from the various subscription services. It's possible that some major labels have negotiated higher rates, but from what I've read, I think these rates are fairly standard: Per Song Payments for StreamingThe recent royalty increase from MusicNet (which supplies digital content to Yahoo, Tower, Virgin, and AOL) is huge -- a 10-fold increase over the .2 cents per stream rate that we used to receive, bringing it line with the other services. I'm a bit confused by the Napster payouts -- not sure why there are two rates. In our most recent batch of Napster sales we're receiving both rates for the same songs. My best guess is that the two rates are somehow related to Napster's basic service and the "Napster to Go" option that allows you to transfer the songs to a portable device. Maybe Napster pays a higher rate for the latter. If a label sells discs to distributors for $6 a unit, it would take about 300 song streams at the 2-cent rate to generate an equivalent dollar amount for the label. Or, for a 12 song album, around 25 listens to the entire album. You'd have to double all of those numbers for a Rhapsody customer or for the lower of the two Napster rates. (However, what I don't know is how the streaming income is paid back to artists on major labels. There's a chance the artist royalty for streams is a smaller percentage than the standard CD royalty rate. Our own records are basically self released, so we see all of the income, minus a 9% cut to the distributor.) Of course, for artists at any level, any amount of streaming income is better than nothing, so it's not necessarily a question of "do you make more or less with streams than with actual CD sale?" I'd venture that for many artists the streaming income represents an addition to regular CD sales. And in some cases CD sales are lost to streams. On the other hand, I'm sure there are music fans discovering new bands via a subscription service that end up buying the CD as well. One final thought: It's not inconceivable that a customer might eventually "spend" more on a particular release via streams than by purchasing the physical CD. I used the quotation marks because subscribers to the streaming services don't actually pay for each song, they pay a flat rate each month for unlimited listening. But if someone faithfully listens to a favorite album via a streaming service (as in the hypothetical example from the Yahoo Music Blog comment), the net result could easily be more income to the label and artist. tags: royalties Rhapsody Yahoo Napster link 0 comments e-mail listen to the Layaways on Spotify Follow @digitalaudio Tweet March 23, 2006 Cato vs. DRMby David Harrell Cato vs. DMCA The Cato Institute just posted an analysis titled "Circumventing Competition: The Perverse Consequences of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act." From the executive summary: The courts have a proven track record of fashioning balanced remedies for the copyright challenges created by new technologies. But when Congress passed the Digital Millennium Copyright Act in 1998, it cut the courts out of this role and instead banned any devices that "circumvent" digital rights management (DRM) technologies, which control access to copyrighted content.Read the full analysis here. tags: DMCA DRM link 0 comments e-mail listen to the Layaways on Spotify Follow @digitalaudio Tweet March 20, 2006 Increased Downloads at eMusic, Per-Song Label/Artist Payout Decreasesby David Harrell Increased Downloads at eMusic, Per-Song Label/Artist Payout Decreases In an early post on this blog, I wrote about the "royalty" rate for songs downloaded at eMusic. But unlike iTunes, which pays a set royalty per download (currently 70 cents), eMusic doesn't have a standard per-song payout rate. Instead, eMusic pays record labels (and independent artists) a set percentage of its subscriber revenues each month. Basically, a label receives a portion of that revenue share proportional to download activity of its tracks as a percentage of all subscriber downloads for the month. (I'm assuming that eMusic went with this business model because it started out with an "all you can eat" subscription plan, without any limits on the number of tracks subscribers could download each month. A set per-song royalty could have been a big money loser, having a revenue-sharing model caps the total payout at set percentage of subscription income.) So while the idea of an eMusic "royalty" is something of a misnomer, a per-song rate is eventually worked out for each month, probably calculated by dividing the revenue share amount by the total number of downloads for the month. The resulting payout is therefore inversely correlated to the total number of tracks that eMusic subscribers download each month: Fewer subscriber downloads means more money paid out for each download, more downloads means less money paid per track. There is a limit to how low this rate can drop, however. That limit would be reached if/when ALL subscribers maxed out their downloads each month. Back in May 2005, the first month I have sales data for, the per-song rate for eMusic downloads was 24 cents. By November 2005, the most recent month I have numbers for, that rate had dropped to 19 cents per download. Hence, my best estimate is that total download activity by active eMusic subscribers increased approximately 20% during that time. (I'm not talking about the number of subscribers, which no doubt increased as well, I'm referring to the average number of tracks that subscribers downloaded each month.) In December, eMusic president David Pakman said that the average eMusic subscriber was downloading 31 tracks for month. Given that cheapest eMusic subscription plan allows for 40 downloads a month, the per-song payout probably has room to drop some more, if average subscriber downloads approach the monthly limits. But as someone with a couple albums distributed by eMusic, I have no complaints. Even though the current per-song payout is less than 1/3 of what we receive from iTunes, I'm confident that we'll have more sales via eMusic, perhaps enough to offset the lower "royalty rate." I think the "use it or lose it" aspect of the eMusic subscription plan makes subscribers more likely to take chances on unknown artists. (Using up 10 of your expiring downloads to check out a new artist is very different than paying $9.99 for that same album on iTunes.) And from a subscriber standpoint, I think this model is a good thing -- it means that eMusic has no incentive to minimize download activity. That is, if eMusic paid a set royalty for each download, eMusic's profit would increase with each download "left on the table" and the company's preference might be for its subscribers to not make full use of their monthly allotment. Which is happening now with Netflix, where the associated costs of "unlimited" movie rentals is causing the company to throttle its customers to limit the number of movies they can rent each month. With eMusic, the company has every incentive for subscribers to realize the full value of their subscriptions -- the more you use your eMusic subscription, the less likely you are to cancel it. tags: eMusic iTunes link 0 comments e-mail listen to the Layaways on Spotify Follow @digitalaudio Tweet March 10, 2006 The iPod Company?by David Harrell The iPod Company? That's what Apple's turning into, if the trend from late last year continues. In its new 10Q report, it lists sales of $5.749 billion for the last quarter of 2005, $2.906 of it coming from iPods. (Compared to only $1.724 billion for laptop and desktop machines.) That means 50.5% of Apple's business for the quarter was from iPod sales. A year ago, it was 34.7%. If you add in the $491 million listed for sales of "Other music related products and services," it brings the music-related portion of its business up to nearly 60% of sales. No wonder Apple's rolling out iPod speakers and cases, it's become their main business. The 10Q doesn't break out margins, however, so I don't know if iPods represent 50%+ of Apple's profit. And maybe holiday iPod purchases during the fourth quarter skew the trend somewhat. But I've always read that the iPod is highly profitable (and that iTunes sales are a break-even proposition.) Perhaps the old "home computer marketshare" debate has become a moot point for Apple. Plus, if a true video iPod comes out later this year, Apple will reach a whole new market. Despite stories like this one about increased competition (Samsung, Sony, Toshiba, etc.) in mp3 player market, I'm convinced the iPod will remain the dominant music player for at least the next few years. Mainly because Apple's managed to define the market -- I'd guess that a large percentage of iPod purchasers don't even realize that alternative products are available. And unlike the Mac/PC battle, where Mac users paid a hefty price premium, at this point iPods are very competitive in terms of $/gig, aside from the design advantage. As a stock analyst co-worker put it, "they've possibly cornered the market on hard drives that size (and get good pricing from their suppliers because of it)." tags: iTunes iPod link 0 comments e-mail listen to the Layaways on Spotify Follow @digitalaudio Tweet More Digital Audio Insider: Newer Posts Older Posts |
Subscribe: ![]() Add this blog to Del.icio.us, Digg, or Furl. Follow David Harrell on Google+. The Digital Audio Insider Twitter feed: Digital music jobs: Looking to hire? Looking for a job? Check out the digital audio insider job board. Popular Posts A Long Tail Experiment By the Numbers: Using Last.fm Statistics to Quantify Audience Devotion Lala.com Owes Me Sixty Cents An Interview with Jonathan Segel of Camper Van Beethoven Price Elasticity of Demand for McCartney Sony and eMusic: What I Missed The Digital Pricing Conundrum series: Part One Part Two Part Three Part Four THE LAYAWAYS Out Now -- "Maybe Next Year" -- The New Holiday Album: "This is a sweet treat, deliciously musical without being overbaked for mass media consumption." -- Hyperbolium "Perfect listening to accompany whatever holiday preparations you may be making today." -- Bag of Songs O Christmas Tree - free mp3 lyrics and song details Away In A Manger - free mp3 Download from eMusic, iTunes, Amazon MP3, or Bandcamp. Listen to free streams at Last.fm. ![]() "...about as melodic and hooky as indie pop can get." -- Absolute Powerpop "Their laid-back, '60s era sounds are absolutely delightening." -- 3hive "...melodic, garage-influenced shoegaze." -- RCRD LBL Where The Conversation Ends - free mp3 January - free mp3 Keep It To Yourself - free mp3 Download from eMusic, iTunes, Amazon MP3, or CD Baby, stream it at Last.fm or Napster. ![]() "The Layaways make fine indie pop. Hushed vocals interweave with understated buzzing guitars. The whole LP is a revelation from the start." -- Lost Music "Catchy Guided by Voices-like rockers who lay it on sweetly and sincerely, just like Lionel Richie." -- WRUV Radio Silence - free mp3 lyrics and song details The Long Night - free mp3 Download from eMusic, Amazon MP3, or iTunes, stream it at Last.fm, Napster, or Rhapsody. ![]() "These are songs that you want to take home with you, curl up with, hold them close -- and pray that they are still with you when you wake up." -- The Big Takeover Let Me In - free mp3 Ocean Blue - free mp3 Download from eMusic, Amazon MP3, or iTunes, stream it at Last.fm, Napster, or Rhapsody. More Layaways downloads: the layaways website |